2. Which configuration command should you use to activate a BGP session with another router using the remote AS number 300 and the neighbors IP address 128.1.1.1?

3. You are configuring an IP router in an EIGRP autonomous system. Which command should you use to configure 165.165.0.0 as the default network?

4. Which command should you use to display area-ID and adjacency information in an OSPF network?

5. Which BGP term describes connectivity to two or more ISPs?

6. Which command should you use to display the status of each Frame Relay virtual connection on an IS-IS network?

7. Which command should you use to display the router interactions during the hello, exchange, and the flooding processes on an OSPF network?

8. Which routing protocols are classful? (Choose two.)

a. BGP

b. OSPF

c. IGRP

d. IS-IS

e. RIPv2

f. RIPv1

g. EIGRP

9. What are the two RFC-compliant operating modes for OSPF over NBMA topologies? (Choose two.)

a. Broadcast

b. Point-to-point

c. Point-to-multipoint

d. Nonbroadcast multiaccess

e. Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast

10. Which requirements must be satisfied to configure a virtual link between two OSPF routers? (Choose two.)

a. Both routers must be ASBRs.

b. One router must be an ASBR.

c. At least one router must be in a stub area.

d. The two routers must share a common area.

e. At least one router must be an ABR to the backbone area.

11.

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Match the LSA types to their roles.

12. Which routing protocol should you use if you need to integrate ISO Connectionless Network Services (CLNS) and IP routing into a single protocol for the highest efficiency?

a. OSPF

b. IS-IS

c. ISO-IGRP

d. Integrated IS-IS

13. Which statements about BGP route reflector design are true? (Choose three.)

a. An AS can be divided into multiple clusters.

b. Only one route reflector per cluster can exist.

c. At least one route reflector per cluster must exist.

d. Route reflectors generally are fully meshed with IBGP.

e. No IGP can be used when a route reflector is implemented.

14.

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RouterA is the hub router in a hub-and-spoke topology Frame Relay network. No subinterfaces are configured on the serial interfaces. What value should be used to configure the bandwidth parameter on the serial 0 interface of RouterA to support EIGRP routing?

a. default

b. 256 kbps

c. 320 kbps

d. 768 kbps

e. 1280 kbps

15. What is the default interface metric on a Cisco router that is implementing IS-IS?

a. 0

b. 1

c. 10

d. 6 bits (up to 63)

e. 10 bits (up to 1023)

16. At which layer is the majority of a well-designed network's access control policy implemented?

a. Core

b. User

c. Access

d. Distribution

17.

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You are investigating why router RouterA does not include the 172.16.0.0 network in its BGP advertisements. The exhibit contains portions of RouterA's configuration and IP routing table. Which statement identifies why this subnet does not appear in the BGP advertisements?

a. BGP synchronization is enabled by default.

b. The no auto-summary command is used.

c. The 172.16.31.0/24 network was learned through BGP.

d. The 10.1.2.3 IP address was not defined as a BGP neighbor.

18. In addition to ISIS, which three common IGPs support discontiguous subnets?

19. What is the default OSPF interface priority?

20. Which type of IS-IS router is equivalent to an OSPF internal router and is responsible for routing to end systems within the area in an IS-IS domain?

2. neighbor 128.1.1.1 remote-as 300

3. ip default-network 165.165.0.0

4. show ip ospf interface

5. multihoming

6. show frame-relay map

7. debug ip ospf

8. Answers C and F are correct. RIPv1 and IGRP are classful routing protocols. This means that subnet masks (routing masks) are not sent in the periodic routing updates.

OSPF, EIGRP, RIPv2, IS-IS, and BGP are classless routing protocols. These protocols include the subnet mask information in route advertisements. (Even though EIGRP and BGP are classless, in many ways they will act as if they were classful unless they are configured with the no auto-summary command.)

Older routing protocols tend to be classful, whereas newer routing protocols tend to be classless. The older, classful routing protocols were designed in an IP world where organizations owned class A, B, or C address ranges. Today, the Internet is considered classless, and organizations can be assigned address ranges that are not equivalent to class A, B, or C ranges, such as 65.1.8.0/24. Classless routing protocols work better in today's classless IP world, though under the right conditions, a classful routing protocol is appropriate.

9. Answers C and D are correct. Cisco routers support these modes for OSPF operation over NBMA topologies in compliance with RFC 2328:

1. Nonbroadcast multiaccess
2. Point-to-multipoint

Cisco also supports three additional operating modes:

3. Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast (This is an extension of the RFC-compliant mode.)
4. Broadcast
5. Point-to-point

The OSPF operating modes govern how neighbor relationships are formed, especially whether or not DRs and BDRs are elected. Choosing the correct operating mode can be important for proper functioning of OSPF in NBMA environments such as Frame Relay or ATM.

While only some OSPF modes are compliant with RFC 2328, use of a non-RFC compliant mode does not mean that the routers cannot interoperate with non-Cisco routers. Often they will interoperate so long as all information in the hello packets is consistent among neighbors.

For more information, go here.

10. Answers D and E are correct. To establish a virtual link, two routers must share a common area, and one must be in the backbone area.

Virtual links are a work-around to the necessity that all areas touch the backbone area, and thus that all ABRs be in area 0. The virtual link creates a connection between two distant routers so that the router not connected to the backbone can receive the database of backbone area 0. Consequently, that ABR becomes a virtual member of area 0.

It is not required that one of the routers be an ASBR, nor must one be in a stub area.

For more information, go here.

11. The seven major OSPF LSA types include the following:

• Type 1 - Also known as router LSA, type 1 LSAs advertise the states of the links directly connected to the router. These LSAs are flooded into the local area.
• Type 2 - Also known as network LSAs, type 2 LSAs are generated for each transit network within an area. A transit network is any network with at least two OSPF attached routers. The type 2 LSA contains the router IDs of all OSPF routers connected to the transit network and the subnet masks used on the transit networks. On broadcast multi-access networks the DR is responsible for the generation of type 2 LSAs. Type 2 LSAs are flooded only within the local area.
• Type 3 - Also known as summary LSAs, type 3 LSAs are generated by area border routers (ABR) and they describe the networks and masks of other areas in the AS. Type 2 LSAs are converted into Type 3 LSAs by the ABR. They are then flooded to all areas in the AS.
• Type 4 (not listed in figure) - Also known as summary LSAs, type 4 LSAs advertise an autonomous system border router (ASBR) to the rest of the AS. These LSAs are generated by the ABR and flooded throughout the AS. When an ASBR sends an LSA type 1 the ABR for the area converts this type 1 to a type 4 before flooding the AS.
• Type 5 - Also known as external LSAs, type 5 LSAs advertise networks external to the AS. These LSAs are flooded throughout the AS and are generated by the ASBR.
• Type 6 - Also known as multicast LSAs, type 6 LSAs are specialized LSAs used in multicast OSPF.
• Type 7 - Also known as NSSA LSAs, type 7 LSAs are used to advertise external networks from a Not-So-Stubby area.

For more information, go here.

12. Answer D is correct. Integrated IS-IS integrates ISO Connectionless Network Services (CLNS) and IP routing into a single protocol for the highest efficiency. Integrated IS-IS is a dynamic link-state routing protocol. It can route CLNS traffic, IP traffic, or both CLNS and IP traffic.

• IS-IS is used to transport CLNS traffic between intermediate systems.
• OSPF does not use CLNS.
• ISO-IGRP uses distance vector technology and is not as efficient as Integrated IS-IS.

For more information, go here.

13. Answers A, C and D are correct. An AS can have more than one cluster, and each cluster can have one or more route reflectors. Route reflectors generally are fully meshed with IBGP. An IGP is still used to carry local routes and next-hop addresses. Remember the terminology: route reflectors are the routers that are reflecting the routes and clients are the ones with only IBGP connections to the route reflectors.

While the route reflectors are generally fully meshed, they can be a part of a hierarchy of route reflectors that branch out, and, thus, not always part of a full mesh.

For more information, go here.

14. Answer C is correct. When calculating the bandwidth of the hub's serial interface, if the CIRs of the circuits to the spoke routers vary, you should multiply the smallest CIR times the number of circuits.

For example, if four out of five circuits are 128 kbps and the fifth one is 64 kbps, the bandwidth setting on the hub router's Frame Relay interface should be set to 320 kbps. EIGRP will divide this bandwidth equally among the neighbors.

The practice of using the least CIR in the calculation will ensure that the router with the least bandwidth will not be over driven, which could occur if the highest CIR was used. The previous solution does not permit the hub router to fully utilize the higher speed circuits and, therefore, is not the preferred solution. Preferably each circuit between the hub and each spoke would be a point-to-point subinterface. If many subinterfaces is cost prohibitive; then a hybrid solution that consists of both multipoint and point-to-point subinterfaces of the hub router will work efficiently also. The circuit that differs from the others is place on a separate point-to-point circuit and the others share a multipoint circuit. In these preferred solutions the bandwidth parameter can be set to equal the CIR of the circuit.

For more information, see EIGRP Frame Relay Implementation Notes.

15. Answer C is correct. By default, the metric used on an interface for a Cisco router is a value of 10. In IS-IS, four metrics are used to identify the path: default, delay, expense, and error. Currently, the Cisco IOS software only supports the default metric. Unless it is altered, Cisco uses a value of 10 for the interface metric.

16.

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Answer D is correct. With the exception of password and port security at the Access layer, most security policies are implemented at the Distribution layer. The Distribution layer provides Layer 3 routing capabilities and access control. Security policies and packet filtering are also accomplished at the Distribution layer. The Distribution layer primarily provides routing for the Access-layer VLANs. Because traffic between different VLANs (different subnets) need to be routed by the Distribution-layer device, access control lists can be implemented to permit or deny interVLAN traffic.

The Core layer should be designed for maximum throughput. There should be little or no access control at the Core layer. The Distribution layer serves to block unwanted traffic from the Core layer.

There is no User layer.

17. Answer B is correct. The no auto-summary command affects when the network identified by using the network command is advertised. The way the router is configured, it will not announce the 172.16.31.0/24 subnet. The BGP router will announce the classful address 172.16.0.0/16 when the routing table, maintained by the IGP, contains an exact match to the network command.

The network command directly affects what network is advertised in BGP. If the command does not also include a network mask and if auto-summary were enabled, the classful address 172.16.0.0 is advertised any time that the router learns about a subnet of 172.16.0.0 via its IGP. The routing table does contain an entry for the 172.16.31.0/24 subnet that was learned through the IGP. However, auto-summary is disabled by using the no auto-summary command; therefore, only networks in the routing table that are an exact match to the network commands are advertised. If the configuration goal is to announce the 172.16.0.0/16 network any time one of its subnets is learned, such as 172.16.31.0/24, then enable auto-summary. If the goal is to announce only the 172.16.31.0/24 subnet learned through the IGP, then alter the network command's IP address and include the subnet mask.

The BGP synchronization rule specifies that networks will not be advertised or used via IBGP unless it also has been learned through an IGP. If synchronization is disabled, IGBP will advertise a network without also learning it through an IGP.

The 172.16.31.0 network was learned through an IGP session with router 10.1.2.3.

For more information, go here.

18. EIGRP, OSPF and RIPv2.

19. 1

20. Level-1

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